Complications

According to the Mayo Clinic (2012a), there are numerous complications that can that can coexist with hypoparathyroidism. These complications are divided into two categories: reversible conditions and irreversible conditions.
Reversible complications generally develop as a result of low calcium levels (hypocalcemia) and can be corrected with medical treatment. The Mayo Clinic (2012a) lists six reversible complications:
  • Tetany – a manifestation of an abnormal calcium metabolism; it is characterized by cramps, convulsions, spasms and twitching of muscles throughout the face, arms, and possibly throat (Mosby’s Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing & Health Professions, 2009).

external image 17.16.jpg
www.lfhk.cuni.cz

  • Paresthesias – a sensation described as numbness and tingling or a “pins and needles” feeling. It can occur within any part of the body, but it is most commonly felt within the extremities (Mosby’s Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing & Health Professions, 2009).

external image Footparesthesia1-1.jpg
http://www.madisonpodiatrist.com/blog/post/foot-paresthesia.html


  • Loss of consciousness with convulsions – often noted as tonic-clonic or “grand mal” seizures; characterized by involuntary muscle contractions with simultaneous respiratory cessation (breathing normally resumes after the convulsions stop) (Mosby’s Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing & Health Professions, 2009).

external image Grand_Mal_Seizures-3.jpg
http://trialx.com/curebyte/2012/08/18/clinical-trials-and-images-of-grand-mal-seizures/


  • Malformation of the teeth – this affects their shape and size.


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medind.nic.in


  • Impaired kidney function

Kidney anatomy
Kidney anatomy
http://www.umm.edu/patiented/articles/what_kidney_stones_000081_1.htm
  • Heart arrythmias

external image sinus-arrhythmia.gif
http://www.mykentuckyheart.com/information/SinusArrhythmias.htm





Irreversible complications associated with hypoparathyroidism will not improve with the calcium and vitamin D treatment these patients receive:

  • Stunted growth (short stature)


Stunted Growth Child
Stunted Growth Child
http://www.empowher.com/media/reference/short-stature

  • Slow mental development in children

  • Calcium deposits in the brain

Cranial calcification
Cranial calcification
http://health.allrefer.com/pictures-images/cranial-calcification.html



  • Cataracts

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http://www.eyecare2020.com/blog/2011/06/cataract-awareness-month-frequently-asked-questions-part-1

By: Stephanie Nimmer